Tourism promotes understanding between nations free essay sample

Can international tourism promotes understanding between nations? BY allele Every year, hundreds of millions of people move around to see a deferent part of the world. It Is natural to assume that tourists who have seen other countries have a better knowledge of the people. That assumption also leads to the conclusion that international tourism promotes understanding between nations. How true Is this? Let us examine what tourists do in a different country. First, before going abroad, tourists are often told by their travel agents of the possible shards which sometimes include local people.They are given example of extreme cases where victims are always the travelers. Then, when they arrive, they are immediately taken to their hotels in big coaches. They flood places where local people dont go. Their shopping, meals, entertainment all take place in secluded areas. They wear a bubble all the way. Apart from speaking to the guide and a few shop assistants, tourists rarely talk to the local people. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism promotes understanding between nations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To make it even worse, they meet pickpockets, they are ripped off by dishonest traders.Furthermore, very few local people bother to talk to them out of a genuine Interest In the guests country, people and culture. Therefore, when asked how much they know about the local people, their answer is very little. If someone really wants to understand a different culture, he has to learn its language, stay there for at least a few month without wearing a bubble, learn how to curse and swear, bargain with a vegetable vendor and then he can say that he understands the people.

Strategic Management Journal of Business Strategy - Finance Management

Question: Describe about the Strategic Management for Journal of Finance. Answer: Introduction Strategic Management refers to the strategy that the business or the corporate adopts in the organizations or business firms. Strategic management is often concerned to the senior management who are responsible for the success as well failure of the organization (Gaughan 2013). Moreover, different firms have different choices to restructure the strategic choices in the organization. Although, strategic management is grounded is grounded in practice and provides strategic direction to the organizations. However, strategic management is only achieved in well organized organizations (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014). An organization which has diversified itself globally acquires the need to get restructured in various dimensions. However, restructuring itself can be based on corporate actions like refocusing, repurchasing, alliances, consolidations as well as leveraged capitalizations (Eckbo and Thornburn 2013). On the other hand, restructuring provides opportunities that can help an organization to restore its value through diffusing excess diversification. Restructuring even possess some issues that needs to be well accepted in propositions while adopting any control and effect measure. In other words, according to Soni (2016), restructuring is the process of redesigning aspects in the organization that are implemented due to number of factors like adverse economic climate, competitive nature and new direction for the corporation. It is basically done to attain new markets as well as greater efficiency. However, the three broad types of restructuring are organization and management restructuring, financial restructuring and portfolio and asset restructuring. Figure: Broad Types of Restructuring Source: (Hallinger, Murphy and Hausman 2013) Conversely, the three broad types of restructuring are provided based on the expansion, contraction, corporate control and change in ownership. Forms of Restructuring 1. Merger or Amalgamation The merger or amalgamation is the restructuring two organizations/ business in the form acquiring a new company such that asset6s and liabilities of the merging companies becomes one (Bena ad Li 2014). Moreover, mergers can be further divided in the two forms of mergers that can be done either done by absorption or consolidation to enhance the long term profitability by expanding the operations. By Absorption Absorption can be explained when two or more companies merges with one existing company. This can be explained by Billabong International Limited, one of the Australian Listed Company that acquired other small firms like Von Zipper and Element (Mules 2014). By Consolidation On the other hand, consolidation is the form of merger that combine on or two companies to become one new company. Here, the assets and liabilities of two companies are exchanges in the forms of cash or shares. One example that can define such companies is from India that is merger of Hindustan Computers Limited, Hindustan Instruments Limited, Reprographics Limited and Indian Software Company Limited into a new company named by HCL Limited (Hellstrm, Liu and Sjgren, 2016). Furthermore, mergers can be of three types namely that is vertical merger, horizontal merger, concentric merger and conglomerate merger. Figure: Types of Mergers Source: (Brueller, Carmeli and Drori 2014) 2. Acquisition and Takeover On the other hand, acquisition is buying controlling such that 100% interest is developed in another firm with the intention of acquiring the other firm within its desired portfolio whereas takeover is a particular type of strategy that does not ask for the buying firms proposal. However, Takeovers hold half of the nominal value of the equity such that they are only able to retain their legal entities and maintain separate books of accounts (Gaughan 2013). Conversely, takeovers are considered hostile even when it is undesired and unexpected by the target firm. All the more, tender offers are the formal offers that are used in takeovers for direct approach with and without negotiations. Moreover, with negotiations is done when the acquiring company directly approaches the target company through means of shareholders by means of tender offer whereas tender offer without negotiations is used for hostile takeovers (Carline, Linn and Yadav 2014). This can be further elaborated by the merger of TATA Tea of CLL (Consolidated Coffee Limited) where 50% of shareholders sold the shareholding to TATA Tea at the offered price is the example of tender offer. The basic reasons for acquisitions are to overcome the entry barriers to speed up the cost of new product. The other reasons could be increased diversification, reshaping of competitive advantage as well as developing new capabilities. The following figure explains the reason as well as the problems in achieving success : (Vazirani 2015). Figure: Acquisitions Source: (Vazirani 2015) 3. Divestiture (Asset Acquisition) The asset acquisition or divestiture is the form of selling of the assets or acquiring effective control over assets, cash for securities by another company without any piecemeal manner. However, it is done to mobilize resources, unlocking value, selling cash cows and for a strategic change without any combination of businesses or companies. Moreover, both kinds of assets can be acquired tangible assets like manufacturing units as well as intangible assets like brands, etc (Jung, Aguilera and Goyer, 2015). Example can be of HLL that buys the brands of Lakme in India. 4. Strategic Alliance The strategic alliance of the corporations can be acquired through Joint ventures and Demergers Joint Ventures are the agreement between the two companies to develop new assets that can contribute to equity followed by enterprise and consequent assets and revenues for a finite time. The famous joint venture example in Australia is combination of Yahoo Channel with Channel 7 (Attruia, 2015). On the other hand, demergers are further divided into three types namely Spin Offs, Sell Offs and Split Offs Sell off is the usual practice of selling out a part of the business that is unprofitable part that could drain resources to a third party. Secondly, Spin Offs are new companies created that are created from single entities. Moreover, spin offs leads to no change in ownership and shareholders holds shares in two different companies. Thirdly, split offs involves the divisions in the parent company itself such that two companies are formed that exists even after the company goes for mergers and acquisitions (Bergh and Sharp 2015). 5. Restructuring Strategies The restructuring strategies are applied when the organization even changes its business or finance structure which can be broadly divided into three types namely downsizing, downscoping and leveraged buyouts (LBO). Restructuring efforts is either by reducing diversification (downscoping) or reducing the size of the workforce (downsizing) which is performed in the acquisition of new businesses (Hitt et al. 2012). Downsizing As per the research in Fortune, it is said that downsizing strategy has been applied by 85% of the firms from 1000 firms in 2002-2003. Downsizing is the paramount activity downsizes itself to remain in business during the session of loss of revenue. Hence, most companies will either close product lines and close departments or sell activities and lay off managers to still be in business. That may or may not change the companys portfolio Change Incentives Changing Incentives is possibly done to create longer managerial time horizons for division managers. This risk is adopted to diminish the managerial risk aversion by reducing business portfolio in a set of stable as well as mature business in which financial controls are appropriate and involve less innovation. However, this business scenario does not solve the competitiveness problem but it diminishes information processing of executives by focusing in set of unrelated rather mature activities. However, to reduce this problem, incentives should be derived in a way that motivates the executives in taking risks by operating on their own interest as incentive system is linked to performance evaluation of strategic actions (Milidonis and Stathopoulos 2014). Downscoping On the other hand, with help of downscoping businesses can make narrow span of control to reassert the strategic control and emphasize resources as well as strengths. However, downscoping allows more of incentives as well as governance. He financial risk in such strategic strategies reduces the financial risk and leads to debt deduction with the willingness to accept the risk of innovation strategies. Downscoping can be used as a strict sense of term where reduced bureaucratic control may result in market retreat and may involve the rehain its strategic control. Nevertheless, it leads to loss of critical employees because now the retention has been through voluntary programs (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson 2012). On the contrary, downscoping is considered to be more beneficial than downsizing as its emphasis on restructuring. Moreover, Marriotts disinvestments of restaurants, exit from foods from American Brands, General Mills withdrawal from retailing as well as Allegis sale of car rental and hotel business are the examples that had lead to downscoping strategy being more successful (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson 2012). Leveraged Buy Outs It is a form of acquisition in the company that is majorly financed through debt such that when the managers of the companies buys the company from the owners that is shareholders of the company then it known as management buy-out. It is then evaluated by the discounted cash flow method and the firms who target LBOs are high market share and growth firms. High debt capacity and liquidity firm, low operating risk firms and high profit potential firms (Hitt et al. 2012). Errors to Avoid while Restructuring The following errors need to be avoided while restructuring strategies or organization structure. Firstly the company should avoid integration difficulties, larger or extraordinary debts should be avoided. The problems even lead to problems of synergies that exceeds the value of units working independently. The private synergy of combining and integrating the assets with the other company may cause the acquisition to downsize. Too much diversification will lower the incentive level. Although, acquisition leads to change of attitude towards the firms that increases their expectations by leading to following: Additional costs increases the benefits of economies of scale that leads to additional market power but may eventually lead to drop in profits later, once the costs are only increasing. The innovation and diversification may be hampered The large market power firms will lead to bureaucratic controls. However, the formalized controls adopted may lead to rigid and standardized managerial attitude and behaviour (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson 2012). Conclusion Corporate restructuring based on ownership and strategy can lead to elements that not only lead to positive but as well as negative changes that can hamper effectiveness and performance of the organization. The basic aim lies in the amalgamation of strategy as well as structure that introduces changes in the performance as well as structural parameters of the company so the entity can drive to be enlisted in the profit making companies. References Attruia, R.M., 2015. The creation of shareholder value through spin-offs: the xase of Yahoo. Bena, J. and Li, K., 2014. Corporate innovations and mergers and acquisitions.The Journal of Finance,69(5), pp.1923-1960. Bergh, D.D. and Sharp, B.M., 2015. How far do owners reach into the divestiture process? Blockholders and the choice between spin-off and sell-off.Journal of Management,41(4), pp.1155-1183. Brueller, N.N., Carmeli, A. and Drori, I., 2014. How do different types of mergers and acquisitions facilitate strategic agility?.California Management Review,56(3), pp.39-57. Carline, N.F., Linn, S.C. and Yadav, P.K., 2014, March. Corporate governance and the nature of takeover resistance. InAmerican Finance Association Meetings Working Paper. Eckbo, B.E. and Thorburn, K.S., 2013. Corporate restructuring.Foundations and Trends in Finance, Forthcoming. Gaughan, P.A., 2013.Maximizing Corporate Value Through Mergers and Acquisitions: A Strategic Growth Guide. John Wiley Sons. Hallinger, P., Murphy, J. and Hausman, C., 2013. Conceptualizing school restructuring.School-based management and school effectiveness, p.22. Hellstrm, J., Liu, Y. and Sjgren, T., 2016. Stock exchange mergers and weak-form information efficiency: Evidence from the OMX Nordic and Baltic consolidation. Hill, C., Jones, G. and Schilling, M., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hitt, M., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R., 2012.Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Hitt, M.A., King, D., Krishnan, H., Makri, M., SCHIIVEN, M., Shimizu, K. and Zhu, H., 2012. Creating value through mergers and acquisitions.The Handbook of Mergers and Acquisitions, p.71. Jung, D.K., Aguilera, R. and Goyer, M., 2015. Institutions and preferences in settings of causal complexity: foreign institutional investors and corporate restructuring practices in France.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,26(16), pp.2062-2086. Milidonis, A. and Stathopoulos, K., 2014. Managerial Incentives, Risk Aversion, and Debt.Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,49(02), pp.453-481. Mules, R., 2014. Exporting for success: How small and large businesses negotiate the task. Soni, Y.P., 2016.Organizational Restructuring. Xlibris Corporation. Vazirani, N., 2015. A Literature Review on Mergers and Acquisitions Waves and Theories.SIES Journal of Management,11(1).

Writing an Argumentative Essay With Evidence Sample

Writing an Argumentative Essay With Evidence SampleWriting an argumentative essay with evidence is not easy. Writing such a piece of paper requires proper research and preparation. However, if done correctly, it will surely attract the readers attention. So, if you want to be successful in this, you need to be aware of some tips.In writing an academic paper, you need to provide some important details. Some of them are using correct format in writing your paper. If the paper is presented in the proper way, your readers will have no problem understanding it. You also need to include the latest studies on the topic. The research could be done through the internet.Using proven strategies, such as a marketing strategy, in your academic paper will make your work more interesting. But it is not enough. The final product must also have the ability to convince the readers. This means, your paper needs to contain specific argument and examples.To achieve this, you need to prepare for the resea rch paper properly. The examples you use should be relevant and proven. This should be the best way to gain recognition.On the other hand, if you lack the writer's skills, then you need to consider hiring a ghostwriter. One of the best options in getting an efficient and quality writer is to hire a professional. This will save you from time and money. Moreover, this will guarantee that your paper will be professional and written with precision.Another tip is to proofread your own paper before submitting it. However, you should note that not all proofs are applicable. Therefore, you should ask for some advice before finalizing your manuscript.Another important factor to consider is the theme or topic of your paper. This is a crucial factor, since it will affect the whole idea of your paper. If the topic is a political or commercial one, then there are chances that the subject matter will be too difficult for your readers.However, the theme can be chosen for your essay. Usually, there are some themes such as masculinity and femininity. This is another important factor to consider because there are also different themes related to gender issues. In writing such a topic, you need to carefully choose which category you will be writing your essay on.

Women In Shakespeares Writings Essay Example For Students

Women In Shakespeares Writings Essay Shakespeare wrote many entries based on his feelings at that moment. The basis of many of his female characters was brought about by these certain emotions. The women in Shakespeares writings emphasize many of the characteristics that reflect his own personality. Shakespeare bases many of his plays and poems on his moods.It is often said when writers write of what emotional state they are in, their words form the essence of their works. Shakespeares moods, whether dark or romantic, have brought about many excellent plays that still touch the hearts of many to this day. (Kellog 225 -256)An example of his romantic mood is found in his play Romeo Juliet. The strong love between the two reflected Shakespeares love for his wife Anne. The bonds of love drive the two star-crossed lovers to disobey their families in hopes that their true love will unites the mortal enemies forever. In turn it pushes everyone to the edge. Juliets father partially disowns her because she refuses to marry the suitor he has chosen for her. In effort to keep her and Romeos love alive, Juliet takes a drug that makes her seem as though she were dead. (O Conner 69)In the hour of her fake funeral, Romeos friend Balthasar misinterprets Juliets death. He flees to Mantua, which is where Romeo is exiled for slaying Tybalt. Romeo, not knowing of Juliet and the priests actions, believes that story he was told to be true. He then returns to Verona a sad and forlorned man. (o conner 127)Upon his return, Romeo purchases poison so that he may join his true love at the gates of heaven. He arrives at the church and approaches the supposedly dead Juliet. He allows himself one last hug and kiss before they are to meet again. As Romeo drinks the poison, Juliet awakens to find her love dying before her. When Romeo dies, Juliet feels the only way they can be together is in death. Therefore, Juliet falls on Romeos sword so they can reunite again. Romeo ; Juliet is one of Shakespeares most famous romantic tragedies. (O conner 217)Another characteristic that Shakespeare posses and gives to his female characters is religious beliefs. During the Renaissance period, women were very active in religion. They were only allowed to speak their minds in church so that is where the y spent most of their time (sachs 17). The belief of the Renaissance time was that men ruled over their wives, as parents did children, as kings did coutries, and as God rules over all. Shakespeare shows the dark and light side of religion in many of his plays. We will write a custom essay on Women In Shakespeares Writings specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Shakespeare shows the lurid side of religion in his play Macbeth. This play is filled with references to Satan, hell, and damnation (Baker 332). Lady macbeth persuades her husband to kill the king so he can take over the thrown. To get him to do so, she questions his manhood. When he begins to question whether they should do it or not, Lady Macbeth calls on the demons of hell to unsex her so that she can preform the sin (o conner 145 -146). Even though she asks hel to do so, she can not kill the king. She believs that he looks too much like her own father so she sends Macbeth to do it. The calling of the fiery hell helps set the horrid effects of damnation and Satan in Macbeth. (Baker 332) Shakespeare shows the bright side of religion throughtout his play Hamlet. In the play, Shakespeare has Ophelia crying, Oh help him, you sweet heavens! Heavenly power restore him! (Boyce 267). In Hamlet, Shakespeare brings out the allusions of the heavens. In this play, Shakespeare has Ophelia call ing to the heavens for many different reason. one reason is that her father had died and she needed to confide in the angels for guidance. One other reason is that Hamlet denies his love for her. The final reason is that she knows not what to do about Hamlets atrocious behavior. (201)In conclusion, Shakespeare shows many of his own characteristics through the personalities of his female characters. Juliet, Lady Macbeth, and Ophelia each represent an important characteristic of Shakespeare. Through

Murder mystery genre Essays

Murder mystery genre Essays Murder mystery genre Paper Murder mystery genre Paper These two stories are completely different from each other, only one of them follows the murder mystery genre we are used to.  Ã‚  A typical murder mystery usually revolves around a highly respected detective who always seems to find the murderer by the end of the story. We never get to know the victim very well in the stories, as they are either dead before the story starts or shortly after the start before we get to know anything about him or her. The murderer however seems to be there from the start, and by the middle of the story we want them to be caught. During the story we are given clues from the detective, some of the clues are red herrings to confuse us and make us think it somebody totally different from the person who did it. Most of the tension in the story comes just before the end when we are guessing whom it could be and trying to solve the plot our selves. When we are given the solution all of the loose ends are tied up and all the clues given fit into place and we are never left in suspense e.g. a cliff-hanger. The speckled band is the perfect example of a murder mystery as it has all the objects I have explained. The highly regarded detective is Sherlock Holmes who has an assistant called Dr. Watson who helps him with his enquiries and investigations.  We know that Sherlock Holmes is a supremely regarded detective when Mrs Stoner tells him that a friend recommended him.  Mr Holmes; I have heard of you from Mrs Farintosh whom you helped in the hour of her sore need.  Dr. Watson is very useful to the author as he helps him put across the clues and information Sherlock Holmes finds. This is because Holmes explains what he has found to Dr. Watson. If the character Dr.Wason did not exist it would be very hard to give us the clues. As usual we dont get to meet the victim we were just told about her from Helen Stoner the victims sister.  She was but 20 at the time of her death, and yet her hair had already began to whiten, even as mine has.  We suspect the real murderer from a very early stage when he (the murderer) realises his stepdaughter has been to see Sherlock Holmes. He storms into see the detective. From this confrontation it is obvious what the man could be capable of from the physical description we are given of him.  Because of the circumstances of the young girl being killed weeks before her wedding, and the possibility of her sister experiencing the same fate the reader unconsciously sympathetic and anticipates the murderer being discovered. The speckled band yet again shows how typical it is to the murder mystery genre by the clues and the red herrings that are given in the story. For example, some of the clues are; the discovery of the ventilator that adjoined the two rooms, the realisation that the bell pull was fake, and the detection of the bed being fixed to the floor.  The fact that there was a gypsy camp near by was meant to ply the readers ideas into thinking that the gypsies responsible some way. Another red herring given was the mention of the cheetah and the baboon that the stepfather kept as pets. At the end of the mystery the murderer is revealed, all the clues are solved, and the plot is explained in full leaving a very tidy ending and the reader fully satisfied with the conclusion.  Lamb to the Slaughter is a completely different murder fiction, we are told the story from the murderers point of view, and we sympathise with her account of the circumstances. This is because at the start of the story shes genuinely looking forward to her husband coming home. Shes oblivious to the fact of devastating news he is going to give her. (Bad enough for her to kill him)  As the detectives search for the murder weapon we are curious to know whether she will get away with it. At the end while the detectives are eating the murder weapon black humour is used as the story is funny in a morbid sense. We also find black humour in the tittle as it is literally true. The end of the story is different to that of The Speckled Band because the reader is left in suspense and we will never really know the outcome of any further enquires.  Another aspect that differs in the two stories is the language used in each. In The Speckled Band the language is very old fashioned and sometimes difficult to understand, some of these words are: defray which means Make good, repay, would fain that means would like to, and apertve which means opening. Roald Dahl however uses language that we are much more used to reading in the Lamb to the Slaughter.

The Risks And Ramifications Of An Information Security Case Study

The Risks And Ramifications Of An Information Security - Case Study Example Communication between the company’s headquarters, offices and retail shops could be compromised from any angle given the size of the network infrastructure present in the organization. With such critical information as financial records and details entrusted to the organization, high-level information security is therefore imperative and mandatory. Constant network penetration tests will ensure improved security by identifying possible vulnerabilities that exist within the network system and recommending ways in which they can be mitigated before they are exploited by malicious hackers. The value of the information within the organization’s database is high thus the organization’s network infrastructure and security system are always at constant attack attempts. Alongside, risk assessment, a penetration test is valuable in validating the controls are in place and acting as required to protect the organization’s valuable assets (Conway & Cordingley, 2010). There are a number of guidelines in place to be used in developing an effective and beneficial network penetration test; the assets that are mostly targeted should be identified, the potential intruders and hackers, the likely routes used by the intruders to the organization and how exposed the assets are. The organization's core services such as firewall systems, password syntax, mail DNS, file transfer protocol systems (FTP), database servers, routers and web servers should be tested during a penetration test.... 2.0 Overview There are a number of guidelines in place to be used in developing an effective and beneficial network penetration test; the assets that are mostly targeted should be identified, the potential intruders and hackers, the likely routes used by the intruders into the organization and how exposed the assets are. 2.1 Scope of the test The penetration test is to be done within a time frame of one week, with the permission and knowledge of the organization’s Chief Information Officer. The organization's core services such as firewall systems, password syntax, mail DNS, file transfer protocol systems (FTP), database servers, routers and web servers should be tested during a penetration test. Wireless systems including other potential methods of accessing the network resources and obtaining information should also be included in the penetration test plan. The results of the penetration test will then be presented to the Chief Information Officer with recommendations that c ould help mitigate the risks and eliminate the vulnerabilities detected within the network infrastructure and security system. 2.2 Reconnaissance Reconnaissance involves gathering information about the system which will be used to gain access to the target systems. Passive steps such as social engineering can be used to achieve an effective and successful reconnaissance. The attacker utilizes social skills of interaction with the organization’s personnel in order to gain confidential information such as passwords. Such sensitive information as password, unlisted phone numbers and sensitive network information are always divulged by unsuspecting managers and employees. Through social

History of the tatto culture in New York city Essay

History of the tatto culture in New York city - Essay Example Tattooing culture was re- introduced in the Western world in the sixteenth century with Anglo- Saxons kings of England getting tattooed. Since then, the culture of tattooing has been gaining prominence gradually across the world. Presently, it is normal to find people with a tattoo in virtually all parts of the world including those countries that are considered too religious and conservative. In fact, since the 1990s, tattoos have been considered as one of the major parts of Western and indeed global fashion, that cuts across gender, age, and economic classes (Gilbert 6-7). This discussion will focus on the history of the tattoo with specific reference to New York City (NYC), United States. Before discussing the history of tattoo in NYC, it is important to understand what tattoo means. A tattoo refers to a design, which is carved permanently into the skin through the insertion of indelible ink into the skin’s dermis layer in order to change the pigment. On humans, tattoos are a type of modification to the body while on animals they are mostly used for identification purposes. The word tattoo came from the term ‘tatua’, which a Tahitian word is meaning to mark (Rainer 11). In recent times, the tattoo has gained social acceptance and is very popular in the US. It is estimated that, in 2010, about 38% of the US’ Generation Y had tattoos. The culture of tattooing in the US dominantly took root in the 1800s. This art was sparked by the immigrants around this time.